Rising Demand for Sustainable Transportation Solutions

The electric vehicle market is rapidly evolving, with two- and three-wheeled vehicles gaining popularity for good reason. From e-scooters and e-mopeds to e-rickshaws, these vehicles provide the cost-effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability consumers want.

According to a Deloitte-ThoughtLab Global City Survey, eco-friendly consumer transportation — particularly e-scooters and e-bikes — is a key focus area for municipalities transforming into smart cities.

Two- and Three-Wheeled EVs Offer Many Advantages

Electric two-wheelers (E2Ws) and electric three-wheelers (E3Ws) have a wide appeal for several reasons, including:

• Cost-Effectiveness: Compared to traditional cars, these vehicles typically have significantly lower purchase prices. They also have lower operating costs, making them even more accessible to a wider audience worldwide.
• Fuel Efficiency: Whether consumers are environmentally conscious or simply want to save on fuel, two- and three-wheeled EVs utilize electric powertrains to reduce energy consumption and emissions.
• Urban Mobility and Convenience: Easier navigation through cities and congested areas is a huge perk. Plus, these vehicles can be parked in spots where cars cannot.
• Eco-Consciousness: Consumer attitudes toward climate change and pollution are driving interest in more sustainable transportation options. Depending on buyer location, some governments provide incentives for greener transportation.
• Versatility: These vehicles are available in an array of designs to suit diverse needs, including commuting to school or work and delivery services.
• Shared Mobility: Rather than owning vehicles, many younger adults opt to use shared mobility solutions where they rent e-scooters and e-mopeds.
• Regulatory Support: Many cities are implementing policies that favor e-scooters and e-mopeds.

Designing Electrical Systems for e-Scooters & Small EVs

There are several considerations engineers should address when developing the electrical systems that power E2Ws and E3Ws:

Power Management

Effective power management is crucial, so choosing the appropriate battery size, type, power density, and charging infrastructure is imperative. Because the battery management system (BMS) plays a vital role in safety and performance, consider including advanced features, including state-of-charge estimation, cell balancing, and fault diagnostics.

Motor Selection

Motor selection dramatically impacts performance, so carefully weigh the pros and cons of using a hub motor vs. a mid-drive motor for optimal cost, climbing ability, efficiency, and weight distribution. Brushless DC (BLDC) motors are often a popular choice due to their high efficiency, reliability, and compact size.

Controller Design

A robust motor controller is crucial for reliable power delivery to the motor. Precise torque control, smooth acceleration, and regenerative braking capabilities can optimize operation.

Wiring & Connectivity

Electrical architecture and wiring play a vital role in reliability. Use the centralized or distributed electrical system best suited for the application, complexity, and budget. All wiring should be lightweight and protected from environmental factors. Select the right communication protocol for communication between different electronic control units for reliable data exchange.

Safety Features

Adequate measures should be implemented to prevent damage from overcurrent and overvoltage, as well as functional features such as redundant systems to improve the overall safety of the vehicle.

User Interface & Controls

Optimize the rider experience with simplified vehicle controls and an intuitive user interface.

Thermal Management

Appropriate heat dissipation strategies should be implemented to maintain battery performance and lifespan, as well as overall operation. Features like heatsinks, packages with exceptional thermal properties like MCC’s dual-side cooling MOSFETs, and PCB layout design could impact thermal performance.

Charging Systems

Design for convenient access to charging ports and compatibility with various charging methods, including home charging, fast charging, or battery swapping. Consider implementing a smart charging system that also optimizes rates and battery health.

Smart Tech Integrations

To enhance the user experience, consider telematics for GPS tracking and remote diagnostics, or mobile app integration for easy access to battery status updates. For ride-sharing or fleet management, features such as Bluetooth and cellular capabilities benefit users.

Testing, Validation & Compliance

Conduct rigorous testing to ensure reliability and compliance with stringent industry standards as well as applicable safety and emissions regulations.

Enhance EV Design with MCC

MCC is committed to delivering high-quality semiconductors suited for the unique needs and challenges of two- and three-wheeled EVs through:

• Top-Quality Products: From power MOSFETs to ESD protection, IGBTs, and rectifiers, MCC offers more than 10,000 high-quality components to support a range of application requirements.
• Auto-Grade Solutions: More than 25% of our robust and evolving portfolio is AEC-Q101 qualified, ensuring reliable performance in the challenging automotive sector.
• Integrated Device Manufacturing (IDM): MCC’s IDM capabilities ensure end-to-end control over every link in our supply chain, assuring quality, inventory, and cost efficiency.
• Global Reach with Local Expertise: With operations in over 20 countries, we deliver responsive and knowledgeable support tailored to the unique needs of individual markets.
• Future-Focused Strategies: From consistent investment into R&D and new products to expanding into Vietnam for supply chain resilience, we’re ready to meet market demands and shifts.

This shift to urban mobility and sustainability is sure to evolve, generating demand for advanced semiconductor solutions to support growth in the two- and three-wheeled EV sector.

Whether it’s a MOSFET for a battery management system or motor control, MCC is well-positioned to support current and changing needs through unmatched service and commitment.

Contact our team for assistance with part selection or to request engineering samples.